The ER has many complex proteins and so have a robust system for heat-shock protein assisted folding2/1/2024 In 1962, Ritossa reported that heat and the metabolic inhibitor dinitrophenol induced a characteristic pattern of puffing in the chromosomes of Drosophila. It is known that rapid heat hardening can be elicited by a brief exposure of cells to sub-lethal high temperature, which in turn provides protection from subsequent and more severe temperature. The major classes of heat shock proteins are tabulated below. The function of heat-shock proteins is similar in virtually all living organisms, from bacteria to humans. The small 8 kilodalton protein ubiquitin, which marks proteins for degradation, also has features of a heat shock protein. For example, Hsp60, Hsp70 and Hsp90 (the most widely-studied HSPs) refer to families of heat shock proteins on the order of 60, 70 and 90 kilodaltons in size, respectively. The HSPs are named according to their molecular weights. This dramatic upregulation of the heat shock proteins induced mostly by Heat Shock Factor (HSF) is a key part of the heat shock response. This increase in expression is transcriptionally regulated. Heat shock proteins ( HSP) are a group of proteins whose expression is increased when the cells are exposed to elevated temperatures or other stress. 8 Heat shock proteins – a forgotten link in Silkworm breeding for robustness.
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